Two years after October 7, 2023, the war between Israel and Hamas has still not been resolved and has shaped the outlook for the Middle East. Behind the numbers, one thing is clear : the conflict has ushered in a new era of strategic uncertainty for the entire region.
October 7 remains a date etched in the collective memory of the Middle East : hundreds of Hamas terrorists crossed the barrier separating Gaza from southern Israel. The attack, unprecedented in scale, resulted in the deaths of approximately 1,200 people and the kidnapping of more than 250 hostages, according to official Israeli figures.
In retaliation, Israel launched one of the most devastating offensives in its history against the Gaza Strip. Two years later, with sporadic fighting continuing and the humanitarian crisis reaching dramatic proportions, the human, political, and diplomatic toll of this conflict remains exceptionally severe.
A staggering human and material toll
The escalation has only intensified since then, and according to data compiled by international agencies and Gaza health services, more than 40,000 Palestinians have lost their lives since the start of the war, a large proportion of whom are women and children. Israeli bombing has devastated entire neighborhoods, destroying hospitals, schools, and vital infrastructure.
The United Nations also estimates that more than 70% of the Gaza population has been displaced within the territory, often in extreme conditions. In some areas, access to drinking water and electricity remains virtually non-existent, and humanitarian agencies warn of the risk of widespread famine.
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